The transport layer provides communication session management between host computers. The application layer defines protocols and how host programs interface with the transport layer services to use the network. In the picture are also some protocols/services that are associated with the corresponding layer. I'll start with the TCP/IP model first, since it was the first one developed out of the two models.The TCP/IP model is much more loose than the OSI model, so there are only four layers and they don't quite correspond to each layer of the OSI Model. In other words, the OSI Model is the conceptual model that is used for communication of telecom or computing systems that disregards the underlying internal structure or technology. The OSI Model is the standard model created by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) which defines how software and hardware components involved in a network communication should divide the labor and interact with one another. We have two layered models because the TCP/IP Model was first defined by the Department of Defense, where they only had one specific goal of creating a nationwide network.
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